In political geography, an enclave is a piece of land which is totally surrounded by a foreign territory, and an exclave is one which is politically attached to a larger piece but not actually contiguous with it. Many entities are both enclaves and exclaves, but there are examples of areas being one but not the other.
See Enclave and exclave for a more detailed definition of enclave, exclave, "Practical" enclave, "Practical" exclave, and Inaccessible districts.
Enclaves which are also exclaves
- Argentina — Isla Martin Garcia (34°11′S, 58°16′W) is surrounded by Uruguayan territorial waters in the Río de la Plata. In addition, the Argentine islands of Apipé and Entre Ríos is surrounded by Paraguayan territorial waters in the Paraná river, as are some small islets.
- Armenia/Azerbaijan — In Armenia, there exist three Azerbaijani exclaves. Barxudarli (41°00′N, 45°13′E) and Yuxari Askipara (41°04′N, 45°01′E) are in north-eastern Armenia. The other one, Karki (39°48′N, 44°58′E), is located north of the region of Nakhichevan (which is a detached fragment of Azerbaijan stuck between Armenia, Iran and Turkey). Reciprocally, there exists one Armenian exclave, a village called Artsvashen in north-western Azerbaijan (40°38′N, 45°31′E).
- Bangladesh/India — On the India-Bangladesh border in the Indian district of Cooch-Behar, there are 92 Bangladeshi exclaves, with a total area of 47.7 km². Similarly, there are 106 Indian exclaves inside Bangladesh, with a total area of 69.5 km². Twenty-one of the Bangladeshi exclaves are within Indian exclaves, and three of the Indian exclaves are within Bangladeshi exclaves. The largest Indian exclave, Balapara Khagrabari, surrounds a Bangladeshi exclave, Upanchowki Bhajni, which itself surrounds an Indian exclave called Dahala Khagrabari, of less than one hectare. See link to external map .
- Belgium/Netherlands — The town of Baarle (51°26′N, 4°56′E) in the southern Netherlands is made up of the municipality of Baarle-Hertog, a group of 22 Belgian enclaves within the Netherlands; and of the Dutch municipality of Baarle-Nassau, which itself has one enclave in the main body of Belgium and 7 counter-enclaves inside two of the Belgian enclaves.
- Bosnia and Herzegovina — The town of Sastavci (part of Rudo municipality, Foča Region) is completely surrounded by the Serbian municipality of Priboj, in Zlatibor District.
- Cyprus — The villages of Ormidhia and Xylotymvou (34°59′N, 33°47′E) are surrounded by the British Sovereign Base Area of Dhekelia. Inside this base, the Dhekalia Power Station also belongs to Cyprus although it\'s surrounded by British land and is even divided in two by a British road.
- Germany — Büsingen, Germany (47°42′N, 8°42′E) is an exclave in the canton of Schaffhausen, northern Switzerland. Germany also has a group of 5 enclaves created by a railway track between the towns of Roetgen and Monschau (south of Aachen) that was granted Belgian sovereignty.
- Israel — Mount Scopus was a true enclave of Israeli territory within East Jerusalem between 1949 and 1967. While Israel has controlled the whole of Jerusalem since 1967, the exact status of East Jerusalem is disputed so Mount Scopus may still be considered an enclave.
- Italy — The town of Campione (45°58′N, 8°58′E) is enclaved in the canton of Ticino, Switzerland, although in practice it is administered as part of Switzerland. It is part of Swiss customs, uses the Swiss franc, its inhabitants have to pay income tax to Italy, though in a reduced measure, and it is under Italian sovereignty.
- Kyrgyzstan/Tajikistan/Uzbekistan — The Fergana Valley, a region where the three countries meet, has a large number of enclaves. Barak, a small Kyrgyz village, is surrounded by Uzbekistan. Reciprocally, the Uzbek towns of Sokh (39°58′N, 71°08′E) and Shakhimardan as well as the two tiny territories of Qalacha and Khalmion (north of Sokh) are all surrounded by Kyrgyz territory. Also, the Tajik village of Sarvan is in Uzbek territory and the Tajik village of Vorukh (39°52′N, 70°39′E) along with another small piece of land near Kairagach are embodied in Kyrgyz land.
- Malawi — Chizumulu Island and Likoma Island are located within Mozambican territorial waters in Lake Malawi.
- Oman/United Arab Emirates — Madha (25°19′N, 56°14′E) is an Omani territory enclaved in the UAE, which in turn hosts the tiny territory of Nahwa, a UAE enclave within Madha.
- Russia — In the eastern part of Belarus, the Russian exclave of San\'kovo-Medvezh\'e (52°29′N, 31°33′E) is made up of two villages.
- Spain — The town of Llívia (42°28′N, 1°59′E), an exclave in southern France near Font-Romeu, east of Andorra and close to Puigcerda.
- Uruguay — Filomena islands is surrounded by argentinean territorial waters in the Uruguay river.
Subnational enclaves which are also exclaves
Many of the administrative divisions of the Principality of Liechtenstein have exclaves, some of which are enclaves.
- In Australia, the Australian Capital Territory is an enclave of New South Wales. The ACT also administers the separate coastal enclave of Jervis Bay on the New South Wales south coast. The Australian constitution (written before the founding of the ACT) specified that the site for the national capital should be wholly within New South Wales.
- In Azerbaijan, the rayon of Abşeron has an exclave within Baku.
- In Ethiopia, the Benishangul-Gumuz Region has two exclaves in the Oromia Region.
- In France:
- In Germany, the city of Bremerhaven is an exclave of Bremen federal state, which is altogether an enclave in Lower Saxony.
- In India, the union territory of Puducherry (ex-Pondicherry), is comprised of four districts: (Puducherry and Karaikal in the state of Tamil Nadu), Yanam in the state of Andra Pradesh, and Mahé in the state of Kerala. The four districts of Pondicherry were French colonies until 1954. Until 1952, France maintained a fifth colony in India, Chandannagar, which also reported to the Governor of Pondicherry, and which was an enclave in Bengal, just upriver from Calcutta.
- In Italy, part of the Città di Castello comune, in the region Umbria is completely surrounded by region Marche.
- In Liechtenstein, many Gemeinden (municipalities) are fragmented (see map, right). There are three exclaves which are also enclaves: Planken and Vaduz each have one in Schaan, and Schaan has one in Planken.
- In Norway, the municipality of Malvik, Sør-Trøndelag has two small exclaves (the Jøsås farms) in the neighbouring municipality of Stjørdal, Nord-Trøndelag. As the municipalities are also in different counties, this also implies that small parts of Sør-Trøndelag are enclaves in Nord-Trøndelag. The municipality of Sandefjord has one exclave, Himberg, inside the neighbouring municipality of Larvik.
- In Panama:
- In Spain:
- In South Africa, the Eastern Cape Province has an exclave which is an enclave in KwaZulu-Natal Province, containing the town of Umzimkulu.
- In Switzerland:
- Aargau — Kloster Fahr is a tiny exclave of Baden district, surrounded by the canton of Zürich.
- Appenzell Innerrhoden — This canton has three exclaves, one of which, Grimmenstein, is enclaved by Appenzell Ausserrhoden.
- Berne — Münchenwiler, part of Laupen district, is entirely surrounded by the canton of Fribourg.
- Fribourg — Broye district has three exclaves separated by Vaud, of which two (Surpierre and Vuissens) are enclaves, and the other is bounded by Vaud and Lake Neuchâtel. Another enclave from See district – Wallenbuch – lies within the canton of Berne.
- Geneva — This canton has two small exclaves within Vaud, together forming the commune of Céligny. The larger has a shoreline on Lake Geneva.
- Solothurn — Steinhof is an exclave of this canton, enclaved by the canton of Berne.
- In the United States of America:
- In Colorado, Arapahoe County has two exclaves within the City and County of Denver, one of which is the city of Glendale.
- District of Columbia — Reagan National Airport was built on reclaimed land in the Potomac River. The District\'s boundary with Virginia runs to the high-water mark on the south side of the river. Therefore, until 1945, the site was considered to be an exclave of the District. Since then, the airport is officially deemed to be part of Arlington County, Virginia but it is under exclusive federal jurisdiction and is administered as if still part of the District.
- Michigan - The community of Dakota Heights, a part of Portage Township is an enclave in Houghton
- New Hampshire — The town of Killington, Vermont, voted on March 2, 2004 at a Town Meeting to secede from that state and join New Hampshire, whose border is 25 miles (40 km) away. This vote was repeated in the March 2005 town meeting, after a group of residents filed a new ballot warrant on the issue. In June 2005, the New Hampshire Legislature passed a bill which would establish a commission to negotiate the terms of the town\'s secession if and when Vermont opts to establish a commission of its own. However the State of Vermont is unlikely to allow Killington to secede. Also, the secession could not happen unless the two states actually came to a mutually acceptable agreement. A change in the two states\' boundaries would also require the consent of the federal government. As of 2006, New Hampshire is happy to let Killington remain part of Vermont, and Vermont wants to hold on to Killington.
- New York — The historic extent of Ellis Island belongs to Manhattan (New York County), but the surrounding portion created by infill belongs to Hudson County, New Jersey [2]. Liberty Island (site of the Statue of Liberty) also lies on the New Jersey side of the Hudson River.
- The lands within numerous Indian reservations have been fragmented, with privately owned real estate intermixed with tribal, city, county, state, and federal authorities in a bewildering array of jurisdictional geographies.
Enclaves which are not exclaves
Lesotho (shown in green) is completely surrounded by South Africa.
See also List of countries that border only one other country.
Some enclaves are sovereign states, completely surrounded by another one, and therefore not exclaves. Three such sovereign countries exist:
Also, the disputed Republic of Nagorno-Karabakh is an enclave in Azerbaijan. The region is under the military control of local Armenians, with tacit backing from the government of Armenia. Nagorno-Karabakh has declared itself independent, but no other government (including Armenia) has recognised this status.
Subnational enclaves which are not exclaves
- In Austria, Vienna is an enclave of Lower Austria. Interestingly Vienna was also Lower Austria\'s capital until 1986.
- In Azerbaijan, Several cities are administratively separate from the rayons and form enclaves. These include Mingachevir, Naftalan, Shaki, Khankendi/Stepanakert (in Nagorno-Karabakh), Yevlakh, and Nakhichevan.
- In Belarus, Minsk city is an enclave in Minsk Province.
- In Belgium, the Brussels-Capital Region is an enclave within the Flemish Region, and within the province of Flemish Brabant.
- In Brazil:
- In Cambodia, Phnom Penh Municipality is surrounded by Kandal Province.
- In Canada: In Quebec, the city of Westmount and the town of Mount Royal are enclaves of the city of Montreal. Collectively, the municipalities of Hampstead, Côte Saint-Luc and Montreal West form another enclave.
- In Colombia: In the Capital District, La Candelaria municipality is an enclave of SantaFé.
- In the Czech Republic, Prague is not part of the Central Bohemian Region, although it is the region\'s capital.
- In Denmark, Frederiksberg is an enclave of Copenhagen.
- In Ethiopia, Addis Ababa city and Harari Region are two of the four enclaves in Oromia Region.
- In Finland: In Uusimaa region, the town of Kauniainen is enclosed by the city of Espoo. The two are located west of Helsinki, in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area.
- In France: In Côtes-d\'Armor département, the commune of Plessix-Balisson is surrounded by the commune of Ploubalay.
- In Germany:
- In Hungary: the city of Budapest is an enclave within Pest County, of which it is its capital (although it does not form part of it).
- In India: the city of Dadra, an exclave of the Union Territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli, is a true enclave of the state of Gujarat.
- In Kazakhstan, the cities of Almaty, Astana, and Baikonur are administratively separate from the provinces in which they are enclaved.
- In Kyrgyzstan, Bishkek is an independent city within Chuy Province, although it is the province\'s capital.
- In Latvia, the cities of Daugavpils, Jelgava, Rēzekne, and Rīga are surrounded by and independent from the districts with the same names.
- In Lithuania, a few city municipalities are enclaved in the district municipalities of the same names, including Šiauliai, Panevėžys, and Alytus.
- In Malaysia, the Federal Territories of Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya are enclaves of the sultanate of Selangor.
- In Mali, the Bamako Capital District is enclaved in Koulikoro Region.
- In Mexico, in the state of Nuevo León, the municipality of Hualahuises is surrounded by the municipality of Linares.
- In Mongolia, the municipality of Ulaanbaatar is surrounded by but independent from Töv Province.
- In Niger, the capital district of Niamey is surrounded by the department of Tillabéri.
- In the Republic of China:
- In Romania, Bucureşti-Ilfov development region is enclaved by the Sud (South) development region. The municipality of Bucharest is also an enclave of Ilfov County.
- In Russia:
- In South Korea, Gwangju city is surrounded by Jeollanam-do province.
- In Switzerland, the two half-cantons of Appenzell are enclaved by the Canton of St. Gallen. Appenzell Innerrhoden is mostly surrounded by Appenzell Ausserrhoden, and both are completely surrounded by St Gall.
- In Syria, the governorate of Damascus is surrounded by the governorate of Rif Dimashq.
- In Tajikistan, the Dushanbe RRS is enclaved by Karotegin province.
- In Trinidad and Tobago, the Borough of Arima is surrounded by the Tunapuna-Piarco Regional Corporation.
- In Ukraine, the city of Kiev is independent of surrounding Kiev Oblast, although it is the oblast\'s administrative center.
- In the United Kingdom:
- In the United States of America:
- In Alaska, Ketchikan Gateway Borough is surrounded in all directions by the Prince of Wales-Outer Ketchikan Census Area of the Unorganized Borough.
- In Arizona:
- In Arkansas, the City of Cammack Village is an enclave of Little Rock.
- In California:
- In Florida, the town of Baldwin is an enclave within the city of Jacksonville. The Village of Lazy Lake, Florida is contained entirely within the borders of the city of Wilton Manors.
- In Georgia (U.S. state), Payne City is an enclave within the city of Macon.
- In Indiana, after the creation of Unigov (the merged government of Indianapolis and Marion County) in 1970, four communities that did not fully merge with Indianapolis – Beech Grove, Lawrence, Southport, and Speedway – became enclaves of Indianapolis.
- In Kansas, the city of Eastborough is entirely surrounded by Wichita
- In Kentucky, when the governments of Louisville and Jefferson County merged in 2003, a bewildering array of enclaves was created, as all other incorporated cities in Jefferson County retained their status as separate cities.
[Urban Neighborhoods, Municipalities & Census-Designated Places: Jefferson County, Kentucky (PDF). Louisville/Jefferson County Information Consortium (2007-06-24). Retrieved on 2007-06-28. Note that this map clearly marks the pre-merger boundaries of Louisville.]
- The following enclaves existed in pre-merger Louisville:
- Three other cities were, and still are, enclaved in cities other than Louisville:
- The merger created many other enclaves within the portion of Louisville Metro that includes pre-merger Louisville but excludes all other pre-existing cities, an entity defined by the United States Census Bureau as the "Louisville-Jefferson County balance":
- Creekside
- Fincastle
- Hickory Hill
- Hollow Creek
- Hollyvilla
- Lynnview
- Shively
- Spring Mill
- Thornhill
- The combination of Cambridge, Houston Acres, Lincolnshire, and St. Regis Park
- The combination of Minor Lane Heights and South Park View
- The combination of Poplar Hills, Watterson Park, and West Buechel
- The aforementioned cities of Middletown, Norbourne Estates, Richlawn, and St. Matthews are part of a large enclave within the "balance", which also includes Anchorage, Bancroft, Barbourmeade, Beechwood Village, Bellemeade, Bellewood, Blue Ridge Manor, Broeck Pointe, Brownsboro Farm, Brownsboro Village, Crossgate, Douglass Hills, Druid Hills, Forest Hills, Glenview, Glenview Manor, Goose Creek, Graymoor-Devondale, Hurstbourne, Hurstbourne Acres, Indian Hills, Jeffersontown, Langdon Place, Lyndon, Manor Creek, Maryhill Estates, Meadow Vale, Meadowbrook Farm, Mockingbird Valley, Moorland, Murray Hill, Northfield, Norwood, Old Brownsboro Place, Plantation, Riverwood, Rolling Fields, Rolling Hills, Spring Valley, Sycamore, Ten Broeck, Westwood, Wildwood, Windy Hills, and Woodlawn Park. The boundary of this enclave is irregular enough that several portions of the "balance" are themselves enclaves of this area. Note also that the entire Ohio River between the northern and southern low-water marks is part of the "balance", not this enclave.
- In Michigan:
- In Missouri, the cities of Gladstone and North Kansas City are separately surrounded by Kansas City.
- In Montana, when the governments of Butte and Silver Bow County merged in 1977, the town of Walkerville voted not to join the consolidated government, thus becoming an enclave.
- In New Jersey:
- In North Dakota, the city of Prairie Rose is an enclave of Fargo.
- In Ohio:
- In Oregon, the city of Maywood Park is surrounded by Portland, which annexed the surrounding lands after Maywood Park incorporated.
- In Pennsylvania, every county in the state other than the counties of Fulton, Philadelphia, Pike and Union contains at least one municipality in another municipality. Allegheny County, among others, contain numerous enclaved municipalities.
- In Tennessee, the cities of Red Bank and Ridgeside are enclaves in the city of Chattanooga.
- In Texas:
- The cities of Alamo Heights, Balcones Heights, Castle Hills, Hill Country Village, Hollywood Park, Kirby, Leon Valley, Olmos Park, Shavano Park, and Terrell Hills are all enclaves of San Antonio. [3]
- The cities of Bellaire, West University Place, and Southside Place together form an enclave of Houston. The cities of Bunker Hill Village, Hedwig Village, Hilshire Village, Hunters Creek Village, Piney Point Village, and Spring Valley Village together form another enclave of Houston.
- The cities of Highland Park and University Park, collectively known locally as the "Park Cities", together form an enclave of Dallas. In addition, the city of Cockrell Hill is also an enclave of Dallas.
- The city of Beverly Hills is an enclave of Waco.
- The cities of Dalworthington Gardens and Pantego together form an enclave of Arlington.
- In Virginia, several county seats are enclaved in the counties that they serve, but are not part of the counties, plus some other cities are enclaved within counties. This situation exists because under Virginia law, all municipalities that are incorporated as cities are legally independent of any county. The Virginia cities enclaved within counties are:
- Bedford, enclaved within and the county seat of Bedford County
- Buena Vista, enclaved within Rockbridge County
- Charlottesville, enclaved within and the county seat of Albemarle County
- Covington, enclaved within and the county seat of Alleghany County
- Emporia, enclaved within and the county seat of Greensville County
- Fairfax, enclaved within and the county seat of Fairfax County
- Harrisonburg, enclaved within and the county seat of Rockingham County
- Lexington, enclaved within and the county seat of Rockbridge County
- Martinsville, enclaved within and the county seat of Henry County
- Norton, enclaved within Wise County
- Roanoke and Salem together form an enclave within Roanoke County. The Roanoke County Courthouse is located in Salem, but the rest of the county government is located in the unincorporated community of Cave Spring.
- Staunton, enclaved within and the county seat of Augusta County
- Waynesboro, enclaved within Augusta County
- Winchester, enclaved within and the county seat of Frederick County
- In Wisconsin, the village of Thiensville is an enclave of the city of Mequon in Ozaukee County.
- In Uzbekistan, Tashkent is separate from surrounding Toshkent Province, although it serves as its capital.
- In Yemen, Sana\'a municipality is surrounded by Sana\'a Governorate.
- In Zimbabwe, Harare is an enclave of Mashonaland East province.
Exclaves which are not enclaves
The British Sovereign Base Area of
Dhekelia, shown here, separates parts of Greek
Cyprus from the main body of Greek Cypriot territory.
- Angola: Cabinda is bounded by the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Republic of the Congo, and the Atlantic Ocean.
- Azerbaijan: Nakhichevan is bounded by Armenia, Iran, and Turkey.
- Cyprus (de facto): Two portions of land in the island\'s Southeast, in addition to the enclaves mentioned above, are cut off from the rest of the Greek Cypriot territory by the British Sovereign Base Area of Dhekelia. They are bounded by the base and the Mediterranean Sea, and the larger one also is bounded by a United Nations Buffer Zone. The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus also has an exclave in the island\'s Northwest, Kokkina/Erenköy, which is bounded by the buffer zone and the Mediterranean.
- East Timor: Oecussi-Ambeno is bounded by Indonesia and the Savu Sea.
- France: French Guiana (an Overseas Department), in South America, is bounded by Suriname, Brazil, and the Atlantic Ocean.
- Oman: Musandam is bounded by the United Arab Emirates and the Strait of Hormuz.
- Russia: Kaliningrad Oblast is bounded by Lithuania, Poland, and the Baltic Sea.
- Spain: Ceuta, Melilla, Peñón de Alhucemas, Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera, and the Islas Chafarinas (the Plazas de soberanía) are bounded by Morocco and the Mediterranean Sea.
- United States: Alaska is bounded by Canada, the Arctic Ocean, the Bering Sea, and the Pacific Ocean. Point Roberts, Washington is bounded by Canada and the Straight of Georgia. The Northwest Angle, the northernmost part of Lake of the Woods County, Minnesota is bounded by Canada and the Lake of the Woods. Elm Point, Minnesota is bounded by Canada and the Lake of the Woods. Alburgh, Vermont is bounded by Canada and Lake Champlain.
Subnational exclaves which are not enclaves
St. Martin Parish in the U.S. state of Louisiana, shown here, is divided into two non-contiguous areas separated by Iberia Parish.
- In Austria, the transfer of South Tyrol to Italy after World War I left the county of Tyrol in two parts.
- In Belgium, the Flemish Region has an exclave, the municipality of Voeren (Fourons), whereas Wallonia also has an exclave, the municipality of Comines-Warneton (Komen-Waasten). The territory of the German-speaking Community of Belgium is also composed of two parts separated by a part of the French Community.
- In Bosnia and Herzegovina, Posavina Canton is part of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina situated between Republika Srpska and Croatia. In this canton, Orašje is adjacent to Brčko District, which belongs to both entities, but Odžak is a true exclave.
- In Brazil:
- In China, Xianghe County, Sanhe City, and Dachang Hui Autonomous County, lodged between the municipalities of Beijing and Tianjin, together make up an exclave of the prefecture-level city of Langfang in Hebei province.
- In Finland: In Central Finland, the former municipality of Säynätsalo is now an exclave of Jyväskylä municipality.
- In France, the commune of Ménessaire is an exclave of the department of Côte-d\'Or between Nièvre and Saône-et-Loire.
- In Iceland, the capital of Reykjavík has an exclave suburb some forty kilometers from it, separated from the city proper by another municipality, Mosfellsbær.
- In Italy:
- In Japan, Kitayama Village and Kumanogawa Town of Wakayama prefecture are located in the border between Mie and Nara prefectures.
- In Liechtenstein, seven of the eleven municipalities are in two or more pieces. In addition to the enclaves mentioned above, Vaduz has four exclaves; Schaan has three; Planken, Balzers, and Eschen each have two; and Triesenberg and Gamprin both have one.
- In Malaysia, Cape Rachado is an exclave of state of Malacca, which lies on the coast of Negeri Sembilan.
- In Mexico: Calica and Xel-Há in the municipality of Cozumel in Quintana Roo State have two poligons of land bounded by the Solidaridad Municipality but with a Coast.
- In Moldova, Raionul Cahul has one exclave, and the autonomous territory of Gagauzia has three.
- In the Netherlands, Amsterdam Zuidoost is cut from other parts of the municipilaty of Amsterdam by land that belongs to the municipilaties of Ouder-Amstel and Diemen.
- In Norway, the municipalities Asker and Bærum are separated from the rest of the county of Akershus by land that belongs to the counties of Oslo, Oppland and Buskerud and Oslofjorden.
- In the Philippines:
- In Poland, Sławków commune is an exclave of Będzin county on the border between Małopolskie voivodeship and Śląskie voivodeship, to which it administratively belongs.
- In Samoa, A\'ana, Palauli, Satupa\'itea, and Va\'a-o-Fonoti districts each have one exclave, and Gaga\'emauga district has two.
- In Spain:
- In Switzerland:
- In the United Arab Emirates
South Hackensack, New Jersey is divided into three non-contiguous areas.
Darby Township, Pennsylvania is divided into two non-contiguous areas.
- In the United States of America:
- In Alaska, a portion of the Skagway-Hoonah-Angoon Census Area of the Unorganized Borough is separated by Haines Borough. The Unorganized Borough is separated into multiple sections by Haines and Yakutat Boroughs.
- Kentucky — The westernmost part of Fulton County is a piece of land known as the Kentucky Bend, located inside a loop of the Mississippi River, detached from its mother state. The only road in the area goes south into Tennessee. This exclave exists because the Mississippi, which forms the boundary between Missouri (right bank) and Kentucky/Tennessee (left bank), crosses latitude 36°30\', which defines part of the border between Kentucky and Tennessee, three times.
- In Louisiana, a portion of St. Martin Parish is separated by Iberia Parish. A portion of West Feliciana Parish is separated by Concordia Parish. A portion of Madison Parish is separated by Warren County, Mississippi.
- In Massachusetts, Norfolk County has two exclaves: Brookline between Middlesex and Suffolk counties, and Cohasset on the coast of Plymouth County.
- In Michigan, Quincy Township, Houghton County is divided into two parts by the city of Hancock
- In New Jersey, the Township of South Hackensack, in Bergen County, is divided into three separate parts as a result of other municipalities having seceded from it.
- In New Mexico, Sandoval County has an exclave. During World War II, Los Alamos County was created out of parts of Sandoval and Santa Fe Counties, for the convenience of the Manhattan Project. That portion of Sandoval County which is within the San Ildefonso Indian Reservation, about 3 km², became an exclave bounded by Los Alamos County on the southwest, Santa Fe County on the east and Rio Arriba County on the north.
- In Pennsylvania, numerous municipalities in the southeastern part of Delaware County have exclaves. For example, Springfield Township has an exclave separated from the main body of the township by the village of Swarthmore; Darby Township consists of two separate non-contiguous areas; and part of Upper Darby is separated from the main body of the township by Aldan and Lansdowne.
Pene-enclaves and pene-exclaves
Pene-enclaves and pene-exclaves are regions that are enclaves (resp., exclaves) for practical purposes, without meeting the strict definition. For instance, being contiguous with the main region but not connected by road.
- The Spanish towns Ceuta and Melilla on the north coast of Africa.
- The British colony of Gibraltar, on the south coast of Spain.
- Oecussi-Ambeno, a fragment of East Timor geographically within the Indonesian part of Timor (West Timor), but accessible from the sea.
- Cabinda, a territory north of its mainland of Angola, locked between the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Congo.
- Russian Kaliningrad Oblast, located between Poland and Lithuania, which, before World War II, was the northern half of the German province of East Prussia, itself an exclave after World War I.
- Croatia: The southern portion of Dubrovnik-Neretva County, including the historic city of Dubrovnik, is bounded by Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, and the Adriatic Sea. Territorial waters are contiguous, however. Neum, Bosnia and Herzegovina\'s only sea access, is sandwiched between the two portions of this county.
- At least seven places in the United States cannot be reached by land except through Canada:
- Point Roberts in northwestern Washington;
- the Northwest Angle in Minnesota, a peninsula bordering Lake of the Woods;
- Elm Point, Minnesota, a small piece nearby where the coastline of the Lake of the Woods dips slightly south over the border;
- a similar unnamed sliver of land just west of Elm Point. (Both of these are in western Lake of the Woods County, Minnesota, near the northeast corner of Roseau County, Minnesota, just south of the southeast corner of Manitoba);
- the town of Alburgh, Vermont is on a peninsula that extends south from Québec in Lake Champlain.
- Province Point, the end of a peninsula east of Alburgh.
- Estcourt Station, Maine does not have public road access to the rest of Maine. Instead, Estcourt Station\'s houses, store and gas station access Rue Frontiere, a street on the Canadian side of the border in Pohenegamook, Quebec.
- The Russian village of Dupki is on the Estonian (west) coast of lake Peipus.
- Canada: St. Regis, Quebec: Part of the Akwesasne Mohawk Nation on the south shore of the Saint Lawrence River, it is attached by land to the St. Regis Mohawk Reservation in New York State; road access to the rest of Canada is only available through New York State.
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