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This is a list of the offices of heads of state, heads of government, cabinet, and legislature, by country. Date of Origin refers to most recent fundamental change in form of government, for example independence, change from absolute monarchy to constitutional monarchy, revolution, new constitution.

Country Head of State Head of Government Cabinet Legislature Date of Origin
Afghanistan President Cabinet of Ministers National Assembly 2004
Albania President Prime Minister Cabinet Parliament 1991
Algeria President Prime Minister Council of Ministers Parliament 1989
Andorra Co-Princes Executive Council President Executive Council General Council 1278
Angola President Ministers National Assembly 1981
Antigua and Barbuda Monarch/Governor-GeneralIn Commonwealth realms other than the UK, the Governor-General represents Queen Elizabeth II who is the official head of state. Prime Minister Council of Ministers Parliament 1981
Argentina President Cabinet National Congress 1983
Armenia President Prime Minister Cabinet National Assembly 1995
Australia Monarch/Governor-General Prime Minister Cabinet Parliament 1901
Austria President Chancellor Cabinet Parliament 1945
Azerbaijan President Prime Minister Cabinet of Ministers National Assembly 1990
The Bahamas Monarch/Governor-General Prime Minister Cabinet Parliament 1973
Bahrain King Prime Minister Cabinet National Assembly 2002
Bangladesh President Prime Minister Cabinet National Assembly 1972
Barbados Monarch/Governor-General Prime Minister Cabinet Parliament 1966
Belarus President Prime Minister Council of Ministers National Assembly 1994
Belgium King Prime Minister Cabinet Federal Parliament 1831
Belize Monarch/Governor-General Prime Minister Cabinet National Assembly 1981
Benin President Cabinet National Assembly 1990
Bhutan King Prime Minister Council of Ministers Parliament 1952
Bolivia President Cabinet National Congress 1982
Bosnia and Herzegovina President Chairman of the Council of Ministers Council of Ministers Parliamentary Assembly 1996
Botswana President Cabinet Parliament 1966
Brazil President Cabinet National Congress 1988
Brunei Sultan Prime Minister Cabinet Legislative Council 1991
Bulgaria President Prime Minister Cabinet National Assembly 1991
Burkina Faso President Prime Minister Cabinet National Assembly 1992
Burundi President Council of Ministers Parliament 1998
Cambodia King Prime Minister Cabinet Parliament 1993
Cameroon President Cabinet National Assembly 1992
Canada Monarch/Governor General Prime Minister Cabinet Parliament 1867
Cape Verde President Prime Minister Cabinet National Assembly 1992
Central African Republic President Prime Minister Cabinet National Assembly 2003
Chad President Prime Minister Cabinet National Assembly 1996
Chile President Cabinet National Congress 1980
China, People\'s Republic of President Premier of the State Council State Council National People\'s Congress 1982
China, Republic of President President of the Executive Yuan Executive Yuan Legislative Yuan 1947
Colombia President Council of Ministers Congress 1991
Comoros President Government Assembly of the Union 2002
Congo, Democratic Republic of President Prime Minister Government Parliament 2006
Congo, Republic of President Prime Minister Cabinet Parliament 2002
Costa Rica President Government 1949
Côte d\'Ivoire President Prime Minister Government National Assembly 2000
Croatia President President of the Government Government Parliament 1990
Cuba President of the Council of State President of the Council of Ministers Council of Ministers National Assembly of People\'s Power 1976
Cyprus President Council of Ministers House of Representatives 1960
Czech Republic President Prime Minister Cabinet Parliament 1992
Denmark Monarch State Minister Cabinet Folketing 1953
Djibouti President Prime Minister Council of Ministers National Assembly 1992
Dominica President Prime Minister Cabinet House of Assembly 1978
Dominican Republic President Cabinet Congress 1994
East Timor President Prime Minister Council of State National Parliament 2002
Ecuador President Cabinet National Congress 1998
Egypt President Prime Minister Government Parliament 1953
El Salvador President Council of Ministers Legislative Assembly 1983
Equatorial Guinea President Prime Minister Cabinet Chamber of People\'s Representatives 1987
Eritrea President Cabinet of Ministers National Assembly 1993
Estonia President Prime Minister Cabinet Riigikogu 1992
Ethiopia President Prime Minister Cabinet of Ethiopia Federal Parliamentary Assembly 1995
Fiji President Prime Minister Cabinet Parliament 1997
Finland President Prime Minister Council of State Parliament 1919
France President Prime Minister Council of Ministers Parliament 1958
Gabon President Prime Minister Cabinet Parliament 1964
Gambia, The President Cabinet National Assembly 1996
Georgia President Prime Minister Cabinet of Georgia Parliament 1995
Germany President Chancellor Cabinet Federal Assembly 1949
Ghana President Parliament Council of Ministers 1992
Greece President Prime Minister Cabinet Parliament 1974
Grenada Monarch/Governor-General Prime Minister Cabinet Parliament 1974
Guatemala President Council of Ministers Congress 1985
Guinea President Prime Minister Cabinet National Assembly 1991
Guinea-Bissau President Prime Minister Cabinet National People\'s Assembly 1984
Guyana President Prime Minister Cabinet National Assembly 1970
Haiti President Prime Minister Cabinet National Assembly 1987
Honduras President Cabinet National Congress 1982
Hungary President Prime Minister Cabinet National Assembly 1990
Iceland President Prime Minister Cabinet Althing 1944
India President Prime Minister Council of Ministers Parliament 1949
Indonesia President Cabinet People\'s Consultative Assembly 1945
Iran Supreme Leader President Majlis 1979
Iraq President Prime Minister Council of Ministers Council of Representatives 2005
Ireland President Taoiseach Cabinet Oireachtas 1949
Israel President Prime Minister Cabinet Knesset 1948
Italy President President of the Council of Ministers Council of Ministers Parliament 1948
Jamaica Monarch/Governor-General Prime Minister Cabinet Parliament 1962
Japan Emperor Prime Minister of the Cabinet Cabinet Diet 1947
Jordan King Prime Minister National Assembly 1952
Kazakhstan President Prime Minister Council of Ministers Parliament 1995
Kenya President National Assembly 1969
Kiribati President House of Assembly 1979
Kosovo President Prime Minister Government Assembly 2001
Kuwait Emir Prime Minister National Assembly 1962
Kyrgyzstan President Prime Minister Council of Ministers Supreme Council 2007
Laos President Prime Minister National Assembly 1991
Latvia President Prime Minister Council of Ministers Saeima 1993
Lebanon President Prime Minister Parliament 1926
Lesotho King Prime Minister Parliament 1966
Liberia President Cabinet of Ministers Legislature 1986
Libya Secretary-General of the General People\'s CongressThe Secretary-General of the General People\'s Congress is the nominal head of state of Libya. However, Muammar al-Gaddafi, the "Revolutionary Leader", wields de-facto head of state power. Secretary-General of the General People\'s Committee General People\'s Committee General People\'s Congress 1969
Liechtenstein Prince Head of Government Government Landtag 1921
Lithuania President Prime Minister Council of Ministers Seimas 1992
Luxembourg Grand Duke Prime Minister Council of Ministers Chamber of Deputies 1842
Macedonia President Prime Minister Cabinet Assembly 1991
Madagascar President Prime Minister Parliament 1992
Malawi President National Assembly 1994
Malaysia Yang di-Pertuan Agong Prime Minister Cabinet Parliament 1957
Maldives President Majlis 1932
Mali President Prime Minister National Assembly 1992
Malta President Prime Minister Cabinet House of Representatives 1964
Marshall Islands President Legislature 1979
Mauritania President Prime Minister Parliament 1991
Mauritius President Prime Minister National Assembly 1968
Mexico President Cabinet Congress 1917
Micronesia President Congress 1979
Moldova President Prime Minister Cabinet Parliament 1994
Monaco Prince Minister of State Council of Government National Council 1911
Mongolia President Prime Minister Cabinet State Great Khural 1992
Montenegro President Prime Minister Government Parliament 2007
Morocco King Prime Minister Parliament 1996
Mozambique President Prime Minister Assembly 1990
Myanmar Chairman of the State Peace and Development Council Prime Minister People\'s Assembly 1988
New Zealand Monarch/Governor-General Prime Minister Cabinet Parliament 1986
Netherlands Monarch Prime Minister Cabinet States-General 1815
Nicaragua President Council of Ministers National Assembly 1987
North Korea Chairman of the National Defense CommissionKim Jong-il, as Chairman of the National Defense Commission is considered North Korea\'s "highest administrative authority". However, Kim Yong-nam, as President of the Presidium of the Supreme People\'s Assembly does many of the duties of a Head of State. Deceased former North Korean ruler Kim Il-sung is listed as the Eternal President of the Republic. Premier Government Supreme People\'s Assembly 1998
Northern Cyprus President Prime Minister Government Assembly of the Republic 1985
Norway Monarch Prime Minister Government Storting 1814
Panama President Cabinet National Assembly 1972
Paraguay President Cabinet
Peru President Council of Ministers
Philippines President Cabinet
Poland President Prime Minister Council of Ministers
Portugal President Prime Minister Cabinet
Romania President Prime Minister Council of Ministers (Guvern)
Russia President Prime Minister Cabinet 1991
Saint Kitts and Nevis Monarch/Governor-General Prime Minister Cabinet
Saint Lucia Monarch/Governor-General Prime Minister Cabinet
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Monarch/Governor-General Prime Minister Cabinet
San Marino Captains Regent Congress of State
Serbia President Prime Minister Cabinet 1804
Slovakia President Prime Minister Cabinet
Slovenia President Prime Minister Cabinet
Solomon Islands Monarch/Governor-General Prime Minister Cabinet
South Korea President Prime Minister Government
Spain Monarch President of the Government Council of Ministers 1978
Suriname President Cabinet
Sweden Monarch Prime Minister Government 1876
Switzerland Federal Council
For the nation which is often referred to as "Taiwan", see " China, Republic of "
Tajikistan President Prime Minister Council of Ministers
Trinidad and Tobago President Prime Minister Cabinet
Turkey President Prime Minister Cabinet
Turkmenistan President Cabinet
Ukraine President Prime Minister Cabinet of the Ministers 1991
United Kingdom Monarch Prime Minister Cabinet 1801
United States President Cabinet 1789
Uruguay President Council of Ministers
Uzbekistan President Prime Minister Council of Ministers
Vatican City Pope President of the Govenorate Governorate 2001
Venezuela President Council of Ministers
Vietnam President Prime Minister Government
Zimbabwe President Cabinet

See also

Notes

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